| Name | type | author | definition of empathy | 說明 |
| Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) | self rating scale | (Mehrabian, 1996) | the degree to which the respondent can vicariously experience another’s happiness or suffering | 30 items |
| Basic Empathy Scale (BES) | self rating scale | (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006). | The BES is based on a definition of empathy proposed
by Cohen and Strayer (1996) as the sharing and understanding of another’s
emotional state or context resulting from experiencing the emotive state
(affective) and understanding another’s (cognitive) emotions. |
BES measures five basic emotions (fear, sadness, anger, and happiness) wherein the measurements relate more generally to cognitive and affective empathy and not to a non-specific affective state (e.g., anxiety). |
| Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory |
Patient-rating | (Barrett-Lennard 1962) | 高 | |
| Behavioural Test of Interpersonal Skills |
third person rating | (Gerrard
& Buzzell 1980) |
||
| Carkhuff Index of Communication |
(Carkhuff 1969) | |||
| Emotional Empathy Tendency Scale |
self rating scale | (Mehrabian & Epstein 1972) |
||
| Emotional Intelligence Scale | self rating scale | (Schutte et al. 1998) | ||
| Empathic Communication Skill B |
self rating scale | (Dokmen 1988) | ||
| Empathic Tendency Scale |
self rating scale | (Dokmen 1989, 1990) | ||
| Empathizing/Systemizing Quotient (ESQ) | self rating scale | Auyeung et al., 2009 | ||
| Empathy Construct Rating Scale of La Monica | self rating scale | (La Monica 1981) | ||
| Empathy Quotient (EQ) | self rating scale | Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004 |
the drive to identify another person’s emotions and thoughts, and to respond to these with an appropriate emotion | 40 empathy items and 20 filler/control items |
| Empathy Rating Scale | self rating scale | (Ivey et al. 1980) | ||
| Empathy Scale | self rating scale | (Gazda et al. 1977) | ||
| Hogan Empathy Scale |
self rating scale | (Hogan 1969) | ||
| Feeling and Thinking Scale (FTS) | self rating scale | (Garton & Gringart, 2005) | Empathic Concern, Perspective Taking, Personal
Distress, and Fantasy. |
an adaptation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Davis, 1980) for use with children |
| Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) | third person rating | (Dadds et al., 2008) | It is an
adaption of the Bryant Index of Empathy (Bryant, 1982) used by parents to
assess child and ado- lescent empathy (Dadds et al., 2008). The GEM contains 23 items that are rated on a 9-point Likert-type response scale to assess parents’ level of agreement with statements concerning their child. The GEM appears to measure cognitive and affective compo- nents of empathy (Dadds et al., 2008). |
|
| Interpersonal Reactivity Index |
self rating scale | (Davis 1980) | 常見 | |
| Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy | self rating scale | (Hojat et al. 2001) | 常見，通常用在醫病關係 | |
| La Monica Empathy Profile | (La Monica 1983) | |||
| Modified Layton Empathy Test |
self rating scale | (Layton 1979) | ||
| Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale (MDEES) | (Caruso & Mayer, 1998) | Empathic Suffering, Positive Sharing, Responsive Crying, Emotional Attention, Feeling for Others, and Emotional Contagion |
||
| multifaceted empathy test | cognitive task | Dziobek et al., 2008 | 觀看某個人在某個情境下的照片，參與者要從四個選項中選擇最符合照片中人的情緒狀態。 接著，參與者回報自己多能夠感受到相同的情緒 |
|
| Perception of Empathy Inventory | self rating scale | (Wheeler 1990) | ||
| Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) | self rating scale | (Reniers, Corcoran, Drake, Shryane, & Vo¨llm, 2011). | Both
cognitive and affective components of empathy are measured. |
自過去現存的量表修改而來 |
| Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy | self rating scale | QMEE; Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972 |
||
| reading the mind in the eyes task | cognitive task | Baron-Cohen,
Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001 |
情緒辨識 | 只看眼睛部份的照片，然後從選項當中選擇最符合的情緒狀態 |
| Reynolds Empathy Scale |
self rating scale | (Reynolds 2000) | ||
| Scale of Empathic Skills | (Dokmen 1989, 1990) | |||
| self defined empathy scale | Patient-rating, self rating scale | Hall, 2021 | 並未定義何謂同理，而是向不同的參與者詢問，哪一種行為符合你心中的同理的定義 | |
| Staff–Patient Interaction Response Scale |
third person rating | (Watt-Watson et al. 2000); (Gallop et al. 1989) | ||
| Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) | self rating scale | (Spreng, McKinnon, Mar, & Levine, 2009) |
著重在emotion empathy | https://www.notion.so/47723ce22aa84c7ea137437a89933388 本量表發展時並沒有基於某個同理心的定義，而是從過去相關的量表中分析出較能夠反應同理心的單一因素的題目 |
| Visual Analogue Scale | (Wheeler et al. 1996) | |||
| Picture Viewing Paradigms (PVP) | cognitive task, self rating scale | (Westbury & Neumann, 2008) | individual’s self-reported response to empathy-eliciting visual images | 看情緒圖，被要求自評覺得自己有多能夠想像自己若是畫面中目標的感受。也就是能夠設身處地的能力 to what degree you are able to imagine feeling and experiencing what the target is experiencing, in other words, your ability to put yourself in the others’ situation. |
| Comic Strip Task (CST) | cognitive task | (Vo¨llm et al., 2006). | how well
one can correctly assess other individuals’ mental states (desires, intentions, and beliefs). |
測驗中參與者要看一系列的漫畫，接著從幾個漫畫選項中選一個最適合的格子讓主角會覺得比較好的結果來完成故事。 這個測驗被認為太簡單了，可能不能夠完整地測量到同理心。而且相關的心理計量驗證還很少。 |
| Picture Story Stimuli (PSS) | cognitive task | (Nummenmaa et al., 2008). | the ability to interpret visual scenes and predict the most likely behavioral consequence based on cognitive or affective cues. | 參與者被要求要看著照片，或是同理照片當中的情境（照片有中性和aversive兩種） 目前使用這個測驗的研究還很少，相關的信效度還有待驗證 |
| Kids’ Empathetic Development Scale (KEDS) | cognitive task | (Reid et al., 2012). | Cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of empathy are examined using emotion recognition, picture based scenarios, and behavioral self-report techniques. | 主要測量學童的情緒狀態理解以及同理行為 1．情緒辨識：你知道這個男/女孩感到怎麼樣？ 2．認知同理：你可以告訴我為什麼他會這樣覺得嗎？ 3．同理行為：你會怎麼做？如果你是那個男/女孩的話。 總共有六個故事情境 |
| Facial Electromyography (EMG) | physiological activity | 同理心量表（例如BEES）分數高底和在觀看情緒圖片時的表情肌肉活動量有相關。同理心特質較高者，其肌肉活動較大。 |
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